diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/nightly.yml b/.gitea/workflows/nightly.yml
index e933f327..14a962ed 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/nightly.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/nightly.yml
@@ -252,20 +252,20 @@ jobs:
           URL="https://$HOST"
           HOST_IP=$(awk 'NR>1 && $2=="00000000"{h=$3;printf "%d.%d.%d.%d\n",strtonum("0x"substr(h,7,2)),strtonum("0x"substr(h,5,2)),strtonum("0x"substr(h,3,2)),strtonum("0x"substr(h,1,2));exit}' /proc/net/route)
           [ -n "$HOST_IP" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not detect Docker bridge gateway via /proc/net/route"; exit 1; }
-          RESOLVE="--resolve $HOST:443:$HOST_IP"
+          RESOLVE=(--resolve "$HOST:443:$HOST_IP")
           echo "Smoke test: $URL (pinned to $HOST_IP via bridge gateway)"
-          curl -fsS "$RESOLVE" --max-time 10 "$URL/login" -o /dev/null
+          curl -fsS "${RESOLVE[@]}" --max-time 10 "$URL/login" -o /dev/null
           # Pin the preload-list-eligible HSTS value, not just header presence:
           # a degraded `max-age=1` or a dropped `includeSubDomains; preload` must
           # fail this check rather than pass it silently.
-          curl -fsS "$RESOLVE" --max-time 10 -I "$URL/" \
+          curl -fsS "${RESOLVE[@]}" --max-time 10 -I "$URL/" \
             | grep -Eqi 'strict-transport-security:[[:space:]]*max-age=31536000.*includeSubDomains.*preload'
           # Permissions-Policy denies APIs the app does not use (camera,
           # microphone, geolocation). A regression that loosens or drops the
           # header now fails the smoke step.
-          curl -fsS "$RESOLVE" --max-time 10 -I "$URL/" \
+          curl -fsS "${RESOLVE[@]}" --max-time 10 -I "$URL/" \
             | grep -Eqi 'permissions-policy:[[:space:]]*camera=\(\),[[:space:]]*microphone=\(\),[[:space:]]*geolocation=\(\)'
-          status=$(curl -s "$RESOLVE" -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 10 "$URL/actuator/health")
+          status=$(curl -s "${RESOLVE[@]}" -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 10 "$URL/actuator/health")
           [ "$status" = "404" ] || { echo "expected 404 from /actuator/health, got $status"; exit 1; }
           echo "All smoke checks passed"
 
diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/release.yml b/.gitea/workflows/release.yml
index 99d0a0f5..cf30bf83 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/release.yml
@@ -181,28 +181,31 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Smoke test deployed environment
         # See nightly.yml — same three checks, against the prod vhost.
-        # --resolve pins to the bridge gateway IP (the host), not 127.0.0.1
-        # — see nightly.yml for the full network topology explanation.
+        # --resolve stored as a Bash array so "${RESOLVE[@]}" expands to two
+        # separate arguments; a quoted string would pass the flag and its value
+        # as one token and curl would reject it as an unknown option.
+        # Gateway detection via /proc/net/route — no iproute2 dependency.
+        # See nightly.yml for the full network topology explanation.
         run: |
           set -e
           HOST="archiv.raddatz.cloud"
           URL="https://$HOST"
-          HOST_IP=$(ip route show default | awk '/default/ {print $3}')
-          [ -n "$HOST_IP" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not detect Docker bridge gateway via 'ip route'"; exit 1; }
-          RESOLVE="--resolve $HOST:443:$HOST_IP"
+          HOST_IP=$(awk 'NR>1 && $2=="00000000"{h=$3;printf "%d.%d.%d.%d\n",strtonum("0x"substr(h,7,2)),strtonum("0x"substr(h,5,2)),strtonum("0x"substr(h,3,2)),strtonum("0x"substr(h,1,2));exit}' /proc/net/route)
+          [ -n "$HOST_IP" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not detect Docker bridge gateway via /proc/net/route"; exit 1; }
+          RESOLVE=(--resolve "$HOST:443:$HOST_IP")
           echo "Smoke test: $URL (pinned to $HOST_IP via bridge gateway)"
-          curl -fsS "$RESOLVE" --max-time 10 "$URL/login" -o /dev/null
+          curl -fsS "${RESOLVE[@]}" --max-time 10 "$URL/login" -o /dev/null
           # Pin the preload-list-eligible HSTS value, not just header presence:
           # a degraded `max-age=1` or a dropped `includeSubDomains; preload` must
           # fail this check rather than pass it silently.
-          curl -fsS "$RESOLVE" --max-time 10 -I "$URL/" \
+          curl -fsS "${RESOLVE[@]}" --max-time 10 -I "$URL/" \
             | grep -Eqi 'strict-transport-security:[[:space:]]*max-age=31536000.*includeSubDomains.*preload'
           # Permissions-Policy denies APIs the app does not use (camera,
           # microphone, geolocation). A regression that loosens or drops the
           # header now fails the smoke step.
-          curl -fsS "$RESOLVE" --max-time 10 -I "$URL/" \
+          curl -fsS "${RESOLVE[@]}" --max-time 10 -I "$URL/" \
             | grep -Eqi 'permissions-policy:[[:space:]]*camera=\(\),[[:space:]]*microphone=\(\),[[:space:]]*geolocation=\(\)'
-          status=$(curl -s "$RESOLVE" -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 10 "$URL/actuator/health")
+          status=$(curl -s "${RESOLVE[@]}" -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 10 "$URL/actuator/health")
           [ "$status" = "404" ] || { echo "expected 404 from /actuator/health, got $status"; exit 1; }
           echo "All smoke checks passed"