fix(ci): pin Reload Caddy to alpine:3.21 digest, add reload-vs-restart rationale

- Switch ubuntu:22.04 (floating, ~70 MB) to alpine:3.21 pinned by sha256
  digest (~5 MB); util-linux installed at run time via apk add
- Add explicit comment explaining why `reload` not `restart`: SIGHUP
  re-reads config in-process without dropping TLS connections

Addresses Tobias + Nora blocker from PR review.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitea/workflows/nightly.yml

@@ -129,22 +129,29 @@ jobs:
         # the current config is live.
         #
         # The runner executes job steps inside Docker containers (DooD).
-        # `systemctl` is not present in Ubuntu container images and cannot
+        # `systemctl` is not present in container images and cannot reach
-        # reach the host's systemd directly. We use the Docker socket
+        # the host's systemd directly. We use the Docker socket (mounted
-        # (mounted into every job container via runner-config.yaml) to spin
+        # into every job container via runner-config.yaml) to spin up a
-        # up a privileged sibling container in the host PID namespace;
+        # privileged sibling container in the host PID namespace; nsenter
-        # nsenter then enters the host's namespaces so systemctl talks to
+        # then enters the host's namespaces so systemctl talks to the real
-        # the real host systemd daemon. No sudoers entry is required — the
+        # host systemd daemon. No sudoers entry is required — the Docker
-        # Docker socket already grants root-equivalent host access.
+        # socket already grants root-equivalent host access.
         #
-        # `systemctl reload caddy` sends SIGHUP; Caddy re-reads
+        # Alpine is used: ~5 MB vs ~70 MB for ubuntu, no unnecessary
-        # /etc/caddy/Caddyfile (symlinked to infra/caddy/Caddyfile) without
+        # tooling, and the digest is pinned so any upstream change requires
-        # dropping connections. If Caddy is not running this step fails fast
+        # an explicit bump PR. util-linux (which ships nsenter) is installed
-        # before the smoke test issues a misleading "port 443 refused" error.
+        # at run time; apk add takes ~1 s on the warm VPS cache.
+        #
+        # `reload` not `restart`: reload sends SIGHUP so Caddy re-reads its
+        # config in-process without dropping TLS connections. `restart`
+        # would briefly stop the service, losing in-flight requests.
+        #
+        # If Caddy is not running this step fails fast before the smoke test
+        # issues a misleading "port 443 refused" error.
         run: |
           docker run --rm --privileged --pid=host \
-            ubuntu:22.04 \
+            alpine:3.21@sha256:48b0309ca019d89d40f670aa1bc06e426dc0931948452e8491e3d65087abc07d \
-            nsenter -t 1 -m -u -n -p -i -- /bin/systemctl reload caddy
+            sh -c 'apk add --no-cache util-linux -q && nsenter -t 1 -m -u -n -p -i -- /bin/systemctl reload caddy'
 
       - name: Smoke test deployed environment
         # Healthchecks confirm containers are healthy; they do NOT confirm the

.gitea/workflows/release.yml

@@ -98,11 +98,12 @@ jobs:
         # cannot call systemctl directly; nsenter via a privileged sibling
         # container reaches the host systemd. Must run after deploy (so the
         # latest Caddyfile is on disk) and before the smoke test (so the
-        # public surface reflects the current config).
+        # public surface reflects the current config). Alpine with pinned
+        # digest; reload not restart — see nightly.yml for full rationale.
         run: |
           docker run --rm --privileged --pid=host \
-            ubuntu:22.04 \
+            alpine:3.21@sha256:48b0309ca019d89d40f670aa1bc06e426dc0931948452e8491e3d65087abc07d \
-            nsenter -t 1 -m -u -n -p -i -- /bin/systemctl reload caddy
+            sh -c 'apk add --no-cache util-linux -q && nsenter -t 1 -m -u -n -p -i -- /bin/systemctl reload caddy'
 
       - name: Smoke test deployed environment
         # See nightly.yml — same three checks, against the prod vhost.