diff --git a/backend/Dockerfile b/backend/Dockerfile
index 33fe810a..a6cd524e 100644
--- a/backend/Dockerfile
+++ b/backend/Dockerfile
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
-FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jdk
-
+FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jdk AS builder
 WORKDIR /app
 
-EXPOSE 8080
+# Copy wrapper and POM first — dependency layer is cached separately from source
+COPY .mvn .mvn
+COPY mvnw pom.xml ./
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.m2 ./mvnw dependency:go-offline -q
 
-# Source code and mvnw are mounted via docker-compose volume at runtime.
-# Maven dependencies are cached in a named volume (~/.m2).
-CMD ["./mvnw", "spring-boot:run"]
+COPY src ./src
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.m2 ./mvnw clean package -DskipTests -q
+
+FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=builder /app/target/*.jar app.jar
+EXPOSE 8080
+CMD ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index 0637d417..ce7cdf73 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -112,9 +112,7 @@ services:
     container_name: archive-backend
     restart: unless-stopped
     volumes:
-      - ./backend:/app
       - ./import:/import
-      - maven_cache:/root/.m2
     depends_on:
       db:
         condition: service_healthy
@@ -191,6 +189,5 @@ networks:
 
 volumes:
   frontend_node_modules:
-  maven_cache:
   ocr_models:
   ocr_cache: