diff --git a/backend/src/main/resources/db/migration/V69__import_precision_attribution_identity_schema.sql b/backend/src/main/resources/db/migration/V69__import_precision_attribution_identity_schema.sql
index 1c621656..bec01873 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/resources/db/migration/V69__import_precision_attribution_identity_schema.sql
+++ b/backend/src/main/resources/db/migration/V69__import_precision_attribution_identity_schema.sql
@@ -24,9 +24,12 @@ ALTER TABLE documents ADD CONSTRAINT chk_meta_date_raw_length CHECK (length(meta
 ALTER TABLE documents ADD CONSTRAINT chk_sender_text_length CHECK (length(sender_text) <= 10000);
 ALTER TABLE documents ADD CONSTRAINT chk_receiver_text_length CHECK (length(receiver_text) <= 10000);
 
--- Precision enum — added nullable, backfilled, then made NOT NULL (in this order so the
--- backfill can populate existing rows before the constraint is enforced).
-ALTER TABLE documents ADD COLUMN meta_date_precision varchar(16);
+-- Precision enum — added with a DB default of 'UNKNOWN', backfilled, then made NOT NULL.
+-- The DEFAULT serves two purposes: (1) existing rows get 'UNKNOWN' immediately, and
+-- (2) raw-SQL inserts that omit the column (test fixtures, ad-hoc data loads) get a sane,
+-- CHECK-valid value instead of violating the NOT NULL constraint. JPA saves still set it
+-- explicitly via the entity's @Builder.Default = DatePrecision.UNKNOWN.
+ALTER TABLE documents ADD COLUMN meta_date_precision varchar(16) DEFAULT 'UNKNOWN';
 
 UPDATE documents
 SET meta_date_precision = CASE WHEN meta_date IS NOT NULL THEN 'DAY' ELSE 'UNKNOWN' END;