backend/src/main/java/org/raddatz/familienarchiv/user/UserService.java

@@ -271,9 +271,10 @@ public class UserService {
 
     @Transactional
     public UserGroup createGroup(GroupDTO dto) {
-        UserGroup group = new UserGroup();
+        UserGroup group = UserGroup.builder()
-        group.setName(dto.getName());
+                .name(dto.getName())
-        group.setPermissions(dto.getPermissions());
+                .permissions(dto.getPermissions() != null ? dto.getPermissions() : new HashSet<>())
+                .build();
         return groupRepository.save(group);
     }
 

backend/src/main/resources/db/migration/V63__deduplicate_group_permissions.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-- Remove duplicate (group_id, permission) rows that accumulated without a UNIQUE constraint.
+-- Keeps the row with the smallest ctid (earliest physical insertion order).
+DELETE FROM group_permissions a
+USING group_permissions b
+WHERE a.ctid < b.ctid
+  AND a.group_id = b.group_id
+  AND a.permission = b.permission;

backend/src/main/resources/db/migration/V64__group_permissions_primary_key.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-- Add NOT NULL and PRIMARY KEY to group_permissions.
+-- Requires V63 to have run first (no duplicates can remain).
+--
+-- After this migration, future seed migrations can use:
+--   INSERT INTO group_permissions ... ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING
+-- instead of the INSERT ... WHERE NOT EXISTS pattern used before V64.
+ALTER TABLE group_permissions
+    ALTER COLUMN permission SET NOT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE group_permissions
+    ADD CONSTRAINT pk_group_permissions PRIMARY KEY (group_id, permission);

backend/src/main/resources/db/migration/V65__tbmp_promote_unique_to_pk.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- Promote the de-facto unique constraint on transcription_block_mentioned_persons to a named PK.
+-- uq_tbmp_block_person (added in V57) is backed by a B-tree index identical to a PK;
+-- this rename makes the naming convention explicit (pk_* vs uq_*).
+ALTER TABLE transcription_block_mentioned_persons
+    DROP CONSTRAINT uq_tbmp_block_person;
+
+ALTER TABLE transcription_block_mentioned_persons
+    ADD CONSTRAINT pk_tbmp PRIMARY KEY (block_id, person_id);

backend/src/test/java/org/raddatz/familienarchiv/MigrationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -399,6 +399,68 @@ class MigrationIntegrationTest {
               AND dc.annotation_id IS NOT NULL
             """;
 
+    // ─── V63+V64: group_permissions dedup + primary key ──────────────────────
+
+    @Test
+    void v64_pk_group_permissions_exists() {
+        Integer count = jdbc.queryForObject(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint c
+                JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class t ON c.conrelid = t.oid
+                WHERE t.relname = 'group_permissions'
+                  AND c.conname = 'pk_group_permissions'
+                  AND c.contype = 'p'
+                """,
+                Integer.class);
+        assertThat(count).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void v64_permission_column_isNotNullable() {
+        Integer count = jdbc.queryForObject(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.columns
+                WHERE table_schema = 'public'
+                  AND table_name = 'group_permissions'
+                  AND column_name = 'permission'
+                  AND is_nullable = 'NO'
+                """,
+                Integer.class);
+        assertThat(count).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
+    void v64_rejectsDuplicateGroupPermission() {
+        UUID groupId = createUserGroup("DuplicateTestGroup-" + UUID.randomUUID());
+        try {
+            jdbc.update("INSERT INTO group_permissions (group_id, permission) VALUES (?, 'READ_ALL')", groupId);
+
+            assertThatThrownBy(() ->
+                    jdbc.update("INSERT INTO group_permissions (group_id, permission) VALUES (?, 'READ_ALL')", groupId)
+            ).isInstanceOf(DataIntegrityViolationException.class);
+        } finally {
+            jdbc.update("DELETE FROM group_permissions WHERE group_id = ?", groupId);
+            jdbc.update("DELETE FROM user_groups WHERE id = ?", groupId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ─── V65: tbmp UNIQUE promoted to PRIMARY KEY ─────────────────────────────
+
+    @Test
+    void v65_pk_tbmp_exists() {
+        Integer count = jdbc.queryForObject(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint c
+                JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class t ON c.conrelid = t.oid
+                WHERE t.relname = 'transcription_block_mentioned_persons'
+                  AND c.conname = 'pk_tbmp'
+                  AND c.contype = 'p'
+                """,
+                Integer.class);
+        assertThat(count).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
     // ─── helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     private UUID createPerson(String firstName, String lastName) {
@@ -482,4 +544,10 @@ class MigrationIntegrationTest {
                 """, id, recipientId, docId, commentId);
         return id;
     }
+
+    private UUID createUserGroup(String name) {
+        UUID id = UUID.randomUUID();
+        jdbc.update("INSERT INTO user_groups (id, name) VALUES (?, ?)", id, name);
+        return id;
+    }
 }

backend/src/test/java/org/raddatz/familienarchiv/user/UserServiceTest.java

@@ -902,4 +902,18 @@ class UserServiceTest {
         assertThat(result.getName()).isEqualTo("Familie");
         assertThat(result.getPermissions()).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("READ_ALL", "WRITE_ALL");
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void createGroup_withNullPermissions_savesGroupWithEmptyPermissionSet() {
+        org.raddatz.familienarchiv.user.GroupDTO dto = new org.raddatz.familienarchiv.user.GroupDTO();
+        dto.setName("Leser");
+        dto.setPermissions(null);
+
+        UserGroup saved = UserGroup.builder().id(UUID.randomUUID()).name("Leser").build();
+        when(groupRepository.save(any())).thenReturn(saved);
+
+        userService.createGroup(dto);
+
+        verify(groupRepository).save(argThat(g -> g.getPermissions() != null && g.getPermissions().isEmpty()));
+    }
 }